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CytochromeC is a multi-functional enzyme involving in life and death decisions of the cell. CytochromeC is essential in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis .
1-Methoxynaphthalene is used as the substrate to investigate the activity of cytochromec peroxidase (CcP). 1-Methoxynaphthalene also can be used to synthesize prenyl naphthalen-ols .
iMAC2 hydrochloride is a potent MAC (mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 28 nM and a LD50 of 15000 nM. iMAC2 hydrochloride shows anti-apoptotic effect. iMAC2 hydrochloride blocks cytochromec release .
HKPao (Hunter-killer peptide ao) is a biologically active peptide. HKPao (Hunter-killer peptide ao) has anti-obesity and anti-tumor pro-apoptotic activity to cause release of cytochromec from vesicles .
CYD-4-61 is a novel Bax activator used for breast cancer research. CYD-4-61 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and ER-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines proliferation. CYD-4-61 activates Bax protein to induce cytochromec release and regulate apoptotic biomarkers, leading to cancer cell apoptosis .
JGB1741 (ILS-JGB-1741) is a potent and specific SIRT1 activity inhibitor with an IC50 of ∼15 μM. JGB1741 is a weak SIRT2 and SIRT3 inhibitor with an all IC50>100 μM. JGB1741 increases the acetylated p53 levels leading to p53-mediated apoptosis with modulation of Bax/Bcl2 ratio, cytochromec release and PARP cleavage. JGB1741 has the potential for breast cancer research .
Hypericin is a naturally occurring substance found in Hyperlcurn perforatum L. Hypericin is an inhibitor of PKC (protein kinase C), MAO (monoaminoxidase), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase and CYP (cytochrome P450). Hypericin shows antitumor, antiviral, antidepressive activities, and can induce apoptosis .
Salvianolic acid C is a noncompetitive Cytochrome P4502C8 (CYP2C8) inhibitor and a moderate mixed inhibitor of Cytochrome P45022J2 (CYP2J2), with Kis of 4.82 μM and 5.75 μM for CYP2C8 and CYP2J2, respectively.
(S)-Mephenytoin ((+)-Mephenytoin) is an anticonvulsive agent. (S)-Mephenytoin is a substrate of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C19. (S)-Mephenytoin can be used for the analysis of cytochrome P450 metabolism .
5-n-Heptyl-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole is a competitive Qo site inhibitor of the cytochrome bc 1 complex (cytochromec oxidoreductase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
Hydroaurantiogliocladin is a quinol. Hydroaurantiogliocladin can be used as substrate for the quinol-cytochromec oxidoreductase activity (beef heart enzyme) .
5-Hydroxydecanoate sodium is a selective ATP-sensitive K + (KATP) channel blocker (IC50 of ~30 μM). 5-Hydroxydecanoate sodium is a substrate for mitochondrial outer membrane acyl-CoA synthetase and has antioxidant activity .
Linderane, isolated from the root of Lindera aggregata, is an irreversible inhibitor cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). Linderane has the potential to relieve pain and cramp .
PETCM is an activator of caspase-3 and acts as an cytochromec (cytoc)-dependent manner. PETCM promotes Apaf-1 oligomerization and induces cell apoptosis in HeLa cells .
Levinoid C is a Cytochrome P450-modified bacterial terpenoid. Levinoid C shows moderate neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity cell model with an EC50 of 21 μM .
6-Hydroxywarfarin is a metabolite of (+) -warfarin. 6-Hydroxywarfarin is a weaker vitamin K antagonist. 6-Hydroxywarfarin is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 isomer 2C9 (CYP2C9) .
Glucoarabin is a bioactive glucosinolate. In Hepa1c1c7 cells, hydrolyzed Glucoarabin (hGSL 9) upregulates the phase II detoxification enzyme quinone reductase (NQO1), with no effect on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 activity .
Isonicotinic acid is a metabolite of Isoniazid. Isoniazid is converted to Isonicotinic acid by hydrazinolysis, with the Isoniazid to Isonicotinic acid biotransformation also to be catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, e.g., CYP2C .
MPI-0441138 is an inducer of apoptosis and an inhibitor of mitosis. MPI-0441138 can induce DNA breaks and induce cytochromec translocation, leading to tumor cell death .
4'-Hydroxy diclofenac is an orally active metabolite of Diclofenac (HY-15036) by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties .
Tasisulam is a anticancer agent and induces apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway, resulting in cytochromec release and caspase-dependent cell death. Tasisulam inhibits mitotic progression and induces vascular normalization .
Tasisulam is a anticancer agent and induces apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway, resulting in cytochromec release and caspase-dependent cell death. Tasisulam inhibits mitotic progression and induces vascular normalization .
Picoxystrobin is a primary strobilurin fungicide that is widely applied for plant disease control. Picoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration via blocking electron transfer at the Qo center of cytochrome b and c1 .
ADDA 5 hydrochloride is a partial non-competitive inhibitor of cytochromec oxidase (CcO), with IC50s of 18.93 μM and 31.82 μM for purified CcO from human glioma and bovine heart, respectively.
4'-Hydroxy diclofenac- 13C6 is the 13C labeled 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac[1]. 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac is an orally active metabolite of Diclofenac (HY-15036) by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties[2][3].
Isonicotinic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Isonicotinic acid[1]. Isonicotinic acid is a metabolite of Isoniazid. Isoniazid is converted to Isonicotinic acid by hydrazinolysis, with the Isoniazid to Isonicotinic acid biotransformation also to be catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, e.g., CYP2C[2].
Phenacetin- 13C is the 13C labeled Phenacetin[1]. Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic/antipyretic agent. Phenacetin is a selective COX-3 inhibitor. Phenacetin is used as probe of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and in rats[2][3][4].
Sulforaphane is an orally active inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Sulforaphane promotes the transcription of tumor-suppressing proteins and effectively inhibits the activity of HDACs. Through the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and further induction of HO-1 expression, Sulforaphane protects the heart. Sulforaphane suppresses high glucose-induced pancreatic cancer through AMPK-dependent signal transmission. Sulforaphane exhibits both anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties .
(R)-Sulforaphane (L-Sulforaphane) is a orally active, potent inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, exhibiting antioxidant and anticancer activities. (R)-Sulforaphane primarily functions by upregulating phase II detoxifying enzymes in cells, aiding in the removal of carcinogens and combating oxidative stress. (R)-Sulforaphane is capable of modulating gene expression, influencing various signaling pathways, including Nrf2, NF-κB, and AP-1. (R)-Sulforaphane can be used in studies of tumor biology, antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as inflammation and immune responses .
cis-3,4',5-Trimethoxy-3'-hydroxystilbene is a stilbene. cis-3,4',5-Trimethoxy-3'-hydroxystilbene induces cytochromec release to the cytoplasm. cis-3,4',5-Trimethoxy-3'-hydroxystilbene-induced apoptosis is associated with mitochondrial release of cytochromec. cis-3,4',5-Trimethoxy-3'-hydroxystilbene also suppresses tubulin polymerization. cis-3,4',5-Trimethoxy-3'-hydroxystilbene can be used for leukemic research .
Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.
Eupatorin, a naturally occurring flavone, arrests cells at the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death involving activation of multiple caspases, mitochondrial release of cytochromec and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage .
4'-Hydroxy diclofenac-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac. 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac is an orally active metabolite of Diclofenac (HY-15036) by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties[1][2].
bpV(phen), a insulin-mimetic agent, is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and PTEN inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM, 343 nM and 920 nM for PTEN, PTP-β and PTP-1B, respectively. bpV(phen) inhibits proliferation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in vitro. bpV(phen) strongly induces the secretion of a large number of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it activates a Th1-type pathway (IL-12, IFNγ). bpV(phen) can also induce cell apoptosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity .
Fenofibrate-d6 is the deuterium labeled Fenofibrate. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.
LKY-047, a Decursin derivative, is a potent and selective reversible competitive cytochrome P45022J2 (CYP2J2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.7 μM. LKY-047 is inactive against other human P450s, such as CYPs 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A .
Desmethylcitalopram (DCIT) hydrochloride is the active metabolite of Citalopram (HY-121203). Desmethylcitalopram has antidepressant effects. Desmethylcitalopram also inhibits cytochrome P450-2D6, -2C19 with IC50s of 39.5 and 53.5 μM .
MS-PPOH is a potent and selective cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase inhibitor . MS-PPOH inhibits CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 with IC50s of 15 and 11 μM, respectively . MS-PPOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
(+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate- 13C3 is the 13C-labeled (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is a tea flavonoid with potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is reported to inhibit EGFR signaling and thereby exert anticancer effects[1]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) inhibitor. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by activating cytochromec oxidase.
Fenofibrate-d4 is the deuterium labeled Fenofibrate[1]. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively[2][3].
Fenofibrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fenofibrate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.
MitoBloCK-6 is a potent Erv1/ALR inhibitor, with an IC50 of 900 nM and 700 nM, respectively. MitoBloCK-6 also inhibits Erv2 (IC50=1.4 μM). MitoBloCK-6 can induce apoptosis via cytochromec release in hESCs .
Dynorphin A is an endogenous opioid peptide involved in inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Dynorphin A is a highy potent kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, and is also an agonist for other opioid receptors, such as mu (MOR) and delta (DOR). Dynorphin A can induce neuronal death, and can be used in the research of neurological disease .
Dynorphin A TFA is an endogenous opioid peptide involved in inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Dynorphin A TFA is a highy potent kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, and is also an agonist for other opioid receptors, such as mu (MOR) and delta (DOR). Dynorphin A TFA can induce neuronal death, and can be used in the research of neurological disease .
CDK1/Cyc B-IN-1 (Compound 5) is a selective CDK1/Cyc B complex inhibitor with an IC50 of 97 nM. CDK1/Cyc B-IN-1 triggers apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. CDK1/Cyc B-IN-1 shows broad-spectrum cytotoxic action against cancer cell lines .
Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochromec oxidase .
Dibenzylfluorescein (DBF) is a fluorogenic probe (Fluoresecent dye) that acts as a substrate for specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, including CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and aromatase (CYP19). Dibenzylfluorescein is typically used near its Km value of 0.87-1.9 µM (Ex=485nm，Em=535nm). Dibenzylfluorescein is used to detect changes in CYP catalytic activity caused by drugs or disease .
Eupatorin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Eupatorin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Eupatorin, a naturally occurring flavone, arrests cells at the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death involving activation of multiple caspases, mitochondrial release of cytochromec and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage .
ELQ-300 is a potent and orally bioavailable antimalarial agent, acts as an inhibitor of the reductive (Qi) site of the cytochrome bc1 complex (cyt bc1). ELQ-300 inhibits growth of P. falciparum Dd2, Tm90-C2B, and D1 with IC50 values of 6.6, 4.6 and 160 nM, respectively. ELQ-300 can be used for the research of antimalarial .
Ticlopidine (PCR 5332), an antithrombotic proagent, acts as an allosteric, noncompetitive inhibitor of CD39 with the IC50 of 81.7 μM. Ticlopidine blocks several NTPDase isoenzymes with IC50s of 170 μM and 149 μM for NTPDase2 and NTPDase3, respectively. Ticlopidine is an inhibitor of CYP2C19 human liver cytochrome. Ticlopidine inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 with IC50s of 26.0 and 32.3 μM, respectively.
Fenofibrate (GMP) is Fenofibrate (HY-17356) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.
(±)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol is a racemic mixture of (+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol and (-)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol. (+)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol and (–)-N-3-Benzylnirvanol are potent and selective cytochrome P450 inhibitors with Ki values of 0.25 and 5.3 μM for CYP2C19, respectively .
PDE5-IN-3 (compound 11j) is a potent PDE5 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.57 nM. PDE5-IN-3 shows moderate EGFR inhibition with IC50 of 5.827 µM. PDE5-IN-3 significantly inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (IC50=1286.96 ng/mL). PDE5-IN-3 induces the intrinsic apoptotic mitochondrial pathway in HepG2 cells. PDE5-IN-3 has strong antitumor activity .
Hydroxy desmethyl Bosentan (Ro 64-105) is a Bosentan metabolism produced by the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in the liver . Bosentan is a competitive and dual antagonist of endothelin-1 (ET) for the ETA and ETB receptors with Ki of 4.7 nM and 95 nM in human SMC, respectively. Bosentan can be used in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension .
Hypericin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hypericin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hypericin is a naturally occurring substance found in Hyperlcurn perforatum L. Hypericin is an inhibitor of PKC (protein kinase C), MAO (monoaminoxidase), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase and CYP (cytochrome P450). Hypericin shows antitumor, antiviral, antidepressive activities, and can induce apoptosis .
Buprofezin-d6 is the deuterium labeled Buprofezin. Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochromec oxidase[1][2].
QM31 (SVT016426), a cytoprotective agent, is a selective inhibitor of Apaf-1. QM31 inhibits the formation of the apoptosome (IC50=7.9μM), the caspase activation complex composed by Apaf-1, cytochromec, dATP and caspase-9. QM31 exerts mitochondrioprotective functions and interferes with the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint .
Avatrombopag (AKR-501) hydrochloride is an orally active, nonpeptide thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist (EC50=3.3 nM). Avatrombopag hydrochloride mimics the biological activities of TPO. Avatrombopag hydrochloride increases platelet production by activating the intracellular signaling system, and promotes production of platelets and megakaryocytes from hemopoietic precursor cells. Avatrombopag hydrochloride is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A .
Avatrombopag (AKR-501) is an orally active, nonpeptide thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist (EC50=3.3 nM). Avatrombopag mimics the biological activities of TPO. Avatrombopag increases platelet production by activating the intracellular signaling system, and promotes production of platelets and megakaryocytes from hemopoietic precursor cells. Avatrombopag is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A .
Avatrombopag maleate (AKR-501) is an orally active, nonpeptide thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist (EC50=3.3 nM). Avatrombopag maleate mimics the biological activities of TPO. Avatrombopag maleate increases platelet production by activating the intracellular signaling system, and promotes production of platelets and megakaryocytes from hemopoietic precursor cells. Avatrombopag maleate is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A .
Cedrol is a bioactive sesquiterpene, a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. Cedrol inhibits CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase and CYP3A4-mediated midazolam hydroxylation with Ki of 0.9 μM and 3.4 μM, respectively. Cedrol also has weak inhibitory effect on CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzymes . Cedrol is found in cedar essential oil and poetesses anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, tonic, astringent, diuretic, insecticidal, and anti-fungal activities .
Ticlopidine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Ticlopidine. Ticlopidine (PCR 5332), an antithrombotic proagent, acts as an allosteric, noncompetitive inhibitor of CD39 with the IC50 of 81.7 μM. Ticlopidine blocks several NTPDase isoenzymes with IC50s of 170 μM and 149 μM for NTPDase2 and NTPDase3, respectively[1]. Ticlopidine is an inhibitor of CYP2C19 human liver cytochrome. Ticlopidine inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 with IC50s of 26.0 and 32.3 μM, respectively[2][3].
FGFR-IN-10 is an orally active inhibitor of FGFR and Cytochrome P450 (CYPs). FGFR-IN-10 inhibits wide type and V564F mutant FGFR2 with IC50s of 104.1 nM and 43.6 nM, respectively. FGFR-IN-10 also inhibits CYPs with IC50s of 3.33 μM (CYP2C9), 18.75 μM (CYP2C19), 4.34 μM (CYP2CD6), and 0.69 μM (CYP3A4), respectively .
Norfluoxetine hydrochloride is an active N-demethylated metabolite of Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor that is metabolized to Norfluoxetine hydrochloride by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. Norfluoxetine hydrochloride inhibits 5-HT uptake and inhibits CaV3.3 T current (IC50 = 5 μM). Norfluoxetine hydrochloride has anticonvulsant activity .
Fipronil- 13C6 is the 13C-labeled Fipronil. Fipronil is an insecticide that acts as a selective antagonist of insect GABA receptors (IC50s = 30 nM and 1,600 nM for cockroach and rat receptors, respectively). Fipronil also inhibits desensitizing and non-desensitizing glutamate-induced chloride currents in cockroach neurons (IC50s = 800 nM and 10 nM, respectively). Fipronil induces activity of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1/2, and CYP3A1/2 in isolated rat liver microsomes.
Sulfaphenazole is a selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzyme. Sulfaphenazole is a cytoprotective agent against light-induced death of photoreceptors. Sulfaphenazole inhibits light-induced necrosis and mitochondrial stress-initiated apoptosis. Sulfaphenazole is an off patent sulfonamide antibiotic and demonstrates bactericidal activity through enhanced M1 macrophage activity. Sulfaphenazole can significantly reduce infarct size and restore post-ischemic coronary flow following ischemia and reperfusion .
Avatrombopag-d8 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Avatrombopag (hydrochloride). Avatrombopag (AKR-501) hydrochloride is an orally active, nonpeptide thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist (EC50=3.3 nM). Avatrombopag hydrochloride mimics the biological activities of TPO. Avatrombopag hydrochloride increases platelet production by activating the intracellular signaling system, and promotes production of platelets and megakaryocytes from hemopoietic precursor cells. Avatrombopag hydrochloride is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A[1][2][3].
N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) is a potent anticancer agent. N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine is a spermine analog that activates polyamine catabolism. N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine induces the release of cytochromec from mitochondria, resulting in activation of caspase 3. N1,N11-Diethylnorspermine kills glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells through induction of SSAT (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase) coupled with H2O2 production .
PROTAC CYP1B1 degrader-1 (Compound 6C), a α-naphthoflavone chimera derivative, is able to eliminate cytochrome P450 (CYP)1B1-mediated agent resistance via targeted CYP1B1 degradation, with IC50s of 95.1 and 9838.6 nM for CYP1B1 and CYP1A2, respectively. PROTAC CYP1B1 degrader-1 can be used for the research of CYP1B1-overexpressing prostate cancer .
Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochromec, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia .
HDAC3-IN-2 (compound 4i) is a pyrazinyl hydrazide-based HDAC3 inhibitor (IC50: 14 nM) that efficiently targets triple-negative breast cancer cells. HDAC3-IN-2 is cytotoxic with an IC50 of 0.55 μM against 4T1 and an IC50 of 0.74 μM against MDA-MB-231. HDAC3-IN-2 has anti-tumor efficacy in vivo in tumor-bearing mouse models, selectively increasing the acetylation levels of H3K9, H3K27 and H4K12, increasing the contents of apoptosis-related caspase-3, caspase-7 and cytochromec, and reducing Proliferation-related Bcl-2, CD44, EGFR, and Ki-67 levels .
Cepharanthine is a natural product that can be isolated from the plant Stephania cephalantha Hayata. Cepharanthine has anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) activities. Cepharanthine has good effective in suppressing viral proliferation (half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) values of 1.90 and 4.46 µM . Cepharanthine can also effectively reverses P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in K562 cells and increase enhances the sensitivity of anticancer agents in xenograft mice model . Cepharanthine shows inhibitory effects of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. Cepharanthine has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects .
bpV(phen) trihydrate, a insulin-mimetic agent, is a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and PTEN inhibitor with IC50s of 38 nM, 343 nM and 920 nM for PTEN, PTP-β and PTP-1B, respectively. bpV(phen) trihydrate inhibits proliferation of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in vitro. bpV(phen) trihydrate strongly induces the secretion of a large number of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it activates a Th1-type pathway (IL-12, IFNγ). bpV(phen) trihydrate can also induce cell apoptosis, and has anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity .
Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outer membrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochromec activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases.
The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 583 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.
Dibenzylfluorescein (DBF) is a fluorogenic probe (Fluoresecent dye) that acts as a substrate for specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, including CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and aromatase (CYP19). Dibenzylfluorescein is typically used near its Km value of 0.87-1.9 µM (Ex=485nm，Em=535nm). Dibenzylfluorescein is used to detect changes in CYP catalytic activity caused by drugs or disease .
Fenofibrate (GMP) is Fenofibrate (HY-17356) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.
CytochromeC is a multi-functional enzyme involving in life and death decisions of the cell. CytochromeC is essential in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis .
Fenofibrate (GMP) is Fenofibrate (HY-17356) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.
Dynorphin A is an endogenous opioid peptide involved in inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Dynorphin A is a highy potent kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, and is also an agonist for other opioid receptors, such as mu (MOR) and delta (DOR). Dynorphin A can induce neuronal death, and can be used in the research of neurological disease .
Cytochromec-pigeon (88-104) (PCC 88-104) has full stimulatory activity for pigeon cytochromec-primed T cells from B10.A mice. The I-E k-restricted T cell response to Cytochromec pigeon (pcyt c) is specific for the COOH-terminal sequence 88-104 .
HKPao (Hunter-killer peptide ao) is a biologically active peptide. HKPao (Hunter-killer peptide ao) has anti-obesity and anti-tumor pro-apoptotic activity to cause release of cytochromec from vesicles .
Dynorphin A TFA is an endogenous opioid peptide involved in inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Dynorphin A TFA is a highy potent kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, and is also an agonist for other opioid receptors, such as mu (MOR) and delta (DOR). Dynorphin A TFA can induce neuronal death, and can be used in the research of neurological disease .
Hypericin is a naturally occurring substance found in Hyperlcurn perforatum L. Hypericin is an inhibitor of PKC (protein kinase C), MAO (monoaminoxidase), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase and CYP (cytochrome P450). Hypericin shows antitumor, antiviral, antidepressive activities, and can induce apoptosis .
Salvianolic acid C is a noncompetitive Cytochrome P4502C8 (CYP2C8) inhibitor and a moderate mixed inhibitor of Cytochrome P45022J2 (CYP2J2), with Kis of 4.82 μM and 5.75 μM for CYP2C8 and CYP2J2, respectively.
Linderane, isolated from the root of Lindera aggregata, is an irreversible inhibitor cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). Linderane has the potential to relieve pain and cramp .
Hydroaurantiogliocladin is a quinol. Hydroaurantiogliocladin can be used as substrate for the quinol-cytochromec oxidoreductase activity (beef heart enzyme) .
Levinoid C is a Cytochrome P450-modified bacterial terpenoid. Levinoid C shows moderate neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity cell model with an EC50 of 21 μM .
Glucoarabin is a bioactive glucosinolate. In Hepa1c1c7 cells, hydrolyzed Glucoarabin (hGSL 9) upregulates the phase II detoxification enzyme quinone reductase (NQO1), with no effect on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 activity .
Isonicotinic acid is a metabolite of Isoniazid. Isoniazid is converted to Isonicotinic acid by hydrazinolysis, with the Isoniazid to Isonicotinic acid biotransformation also to be catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, e.g., CYP2C .
Sulforaphane is an orally active inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Sulforaphane promotes the transcription of tumor-suppressing proteins and effectively inhibits the activity of HDACs. Through the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway and further induction of HO-1 expression, Sulforaphane protects the heart. Sulforaphane suppresses high glucose-induced pancreatic cancer through AMPK-dependent signal transmission. Sulforaphane exhibits both anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties .
(R)-Sulforaphane (L-Sulforaphane) is a orally active, potent inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, exhibiting antioxidant and anticancer activities. (R)-Sulforaphane primarily functions by upregulating phase II detoxifying enzymes in cells, aiding in the removal of carcinogens and combating oxidative stress. (R)-Sulforaphane is capable of modulating gene expression, influencing various signaling pathways, including Nrf2, NF-κB, and AP-1. (R)-Sulforaphane can be used in studies of tumor biology, antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as inflammation and immune responses .
Eupatorin, a naturally occurring flavone, arrests cells at the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death involving activation of multiple caspases, mitochondrial release of cytochromec and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage .
Eupatorin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Eupatorin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Eupatorin, a naturally occurring flavone, arrests cells at the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death involving activation of multiple caspases, mitochondrial release of cytochromec and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage .
Hypericin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hypericin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hypericin is a naturally occurring substance found in Hyperlcurn perforatum L. Hypericin is an inhibitor of PKC (protein kinase C), MAO (monoaminoxidase), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase and CYP (cytochrome P450). Hypericin shows antitumor, antiviral, antidepressive activities, and can induce apoptosis .
Cedrol is a bioactive sesquiterpene, a potent competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. Cedrol inhibits CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylase and CYP3A4-mediated midazolam hydroxylation with Ki of 0.9 μM and 3.4 μM, respectively. Cedrol also has weak inhibitory effect on CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzymes . Cedrol is found in cedar essential oil and poetesses anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, tonic, astringent, diuretic, insecticidal, and anti-fungal activities .
Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii. Paris saponin VII-induced apoptosis in K562/ADR cells is associated with Akt/MAPK and the inhibition of P-gp. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax and cytochromec, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. Paris saponin VII induces a robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells and provides a biochemical basis in the treatment of leukemia .
Cepharanthine is a natural product that can be isolated from the plant Stephania cephalantha Hayata. Cepharanthine has anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) activities. Cepharanthine has good effective in suppressing viral proliferation (half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) values of 1.90 and 4.46 µM . Cepharanthine can also effectively reverses P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in K562 cells and increase enhances the sensitivity of anticancer agents in xenograft mice model . Cepharanthine shows inhibitory effects of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. Cepharanthine has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects .
Cytochrome c is an electron carrier protein that accepts electrons from cytochrome c1 and transfers them to the cytochrome oxidase complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It is involved in apoptosis, where the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol leads to caspase-9 activation and subsequent acceleration of apoptosis. Cytochrome c/CYCS Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived Cytochrome c/CYCS protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Cytochrome c/CYCS Protein, Human (His) is 104 a.a., with molecular weight of ~16.0 kDa.
The COX4I1 protein is a component of cytochrome c oxidase, the final enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. COX4I1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived COX4I1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of COX4I1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is 147 a.a., with molecular weight of ~33.2 kDa.
UQCRH is an important component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and contributes to oxidative phosphorylation within the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex. It operates in the respiratory chain, transferring electrons from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, establishing an electrochemical gradient for ATP synthesis. UQCRH Protein, Human (GST) is the recombinant human-derived UQCRH protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-GST labeled tag. The total length of UQCRH Protein, Human (GST) is 91 a.a., with molecular weight of 33-45 kDa.
The COX5B protein is a component of cytochrome c oxidase, the final enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. COX5B Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived COX5B protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag. The total length of COX5B Protein, Human (His) is 98 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14 kDa.
The GGCT protein is a key player in sulfate assimilation, catalyzing the initial step in the conversion of inorganic sulfate and ATP to adenosine-5'-phosphate sulfate (APS). This activity is essential for the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids and is essential for cellular sulfur metabolism. GGCT Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived GGCT protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of GGCT Protein, Human (His) is 188 a.a., with molecular weight of ~23.0 kDa.
CYP11B2 Protein, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, synthesizes aldosterone, pivotal for salt and water balance, impacting blood pressure and cardiovascular health. Mechanistically, it orchestrates three oxidative reactions, forming aldosterone, utilizing molecular oxygen and a mitochondrial transfer system. Additionally, CYP11B2 may be involved in the androgen metabolic pathway, expanding its physiological roles. CYP11B2 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived CYP11B2 protein, expressed by E. coli, with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of CYP11B2 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is 479 a.a., with molecular weight (affected by relative charge) of 66 KDa.
CYP21A2 Protein, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, crucially hydroxylates progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone at C-21, yielding vital intermediates for mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid biosynthesis in adrenal steroidogenesis. This enzymatic process involves molecular oxygen, with NADPH providing essential electrons via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). CYP21A2 plays a pivotal role in regulating adrenal cortex hormone production. CYP21A2 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived CYP21A2 protein, expressed by E. coli, with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of CYP21A2 Protein, Human (His) is 494 a.a., with molecular weight of ~59.9 kDa.
The SMIM4 protein plays a critical role in the assembly and stability of the mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex), which is responsible for oxidative phosphorylation A key component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). It mediates early complex III biogenesis, regulating the levels of electron transport chain proteins in response to changing energy demands. SMIM4 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived SMIM4 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of SMIM4 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 70 a.a., with molecular weight of 11.5 kDa.
4'-Hydroxy diclofenac-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac. 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac is an orally active metabolite of Diclofenac (HY-15036) by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties[1][2].
Fenofibrate-d6 is the deuterium labeled Fenofibrate. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.
4'-Hydroxy diclofenac- 13C6 is the 13C labeled 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac[1]. 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac is an orally active metabolite of Diclofenac (HY-15036) by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). 4'-Hydroxy diclofenac has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties[2][3].
Isonicotinic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Isonicotinic acid[1]. Isonicotinic acid is a metabolite of Isoniazid. Isoniazid is converted to Isonicotinic acid by hydrazinolysis, with the Isoniazid to Isonicotinic acid biotransformation also to be catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, e.g., CYP2C[2].
Phenacetin- 13C is the 13C labeled Phenacetin[1]. Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic/antipyretic agent. Phenacetin is a selective COX-3 inhibitor. Phenacetin is used as probe of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and in rats[2][3][4].
(+/-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate- 13C3 is the 13C-labeled (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is a tea flavonoid with potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate is reported to inhibit EGFR signaling and thereby exert anticancer effects[1]. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) inhibitor. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by activating cytochromec oxidase.
Fenofibrate-d4 is the deuterium labeled Fenofibrate[1]. Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively[2][3].
Buprofezin-d6 is the deuterium labeled Buprofezin. Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochromec oxidase[1][2].
Ticlopidine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Ticlopidine. Ticlopidine (PCR 5332), an antithrombotic proagent, acts as an allosteric, noncompetitive inhibitor of CD39 with the IC50 of 81.7 μM. Ticlopidine blocks several NTPDase isoenzymes with IC50s of 170 μM and 149 μM for NTPDase2 and NTPDase3, respectively[1]. Ticlopidine is an inhibitor of CYP2C19 human liver cytochrome. Ticlopidine inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 with IC50s of 26.0 and 32.3 μM, respectively[2][3].
Fipronil- 13C6 is the 13C-labeled Fipronil. Fipronil is an insecticide that acts as a selective antagonist of insect GABA receptors (IC50s = 30 nM and 1,600 nM for cockroach and rat receptors, respectively). Fipronil also inhibits desensitizing and non-desensitizing glutamate-induced chloride currents in cockroach neurons (IC50s = 800 nM and 10 nM, respectively). Fipronil induces activity of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1/2, and CYP3A1/2 in isolated rat liver microsomes.
Avatrombopag-d8 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled Avatrombopag (hydrochloride). Avatrombopag (AKR-501) hydrochloride is an orally active, nonpeptide thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist (EC50=3.3 nM). Avatrombopag hydrochloride mimics the biological activities of TPO. Avatrombopag hydrochloride increases platelet production by activating the intracellular signaling system, and promotes production of platelets and megakaryocytes from hemopoietic precursor cells. Avatrombopag hydrochloride is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A[1][2][3].
Cytochrome C Antibody is a non-conjugated and Rabbit origined monoclonal antibody about 12 kDa, targeting to Cytochrome C. It can be used for WB,ICC/IF,IHC-P,IP assays with tag free, in the background of Human, Mouse, Rat.
CYP11A1 Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 53/57 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-CYP11A1 polyclonal antibody. CYP11A1 Antibody can be used for: WB, ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, Flow-Cyt, ICC, IF expriments in human, mouse, rat, and predicted: dog, pig, cow, horse, rabbit, sheep background without labeling.
Cytochrome P450 17A1 Antibody (YA786) is a non-conjugated and Mouse origined monoclonal antibody about 57 kDa, targeting to Cytochrome P450 17A1 (6E1). It can be used for WB assays with tag free, in the background of Human.
MS-PPOH is a potent and selective cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase inhibitor . MS-PPOH inhibits CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 with IC50s of 15 and 11 μM, respectively . MS-PPOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
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